ࡱ> a .jbjbA]A] 0F+?+?(```````ffff,$v"$$$$$$$$$$$$$,!&Rs(P$`P$P``e$PPPR``"$PtT6````"$PP:#,``"$ f".# "${$0$#R)P)"$P`d HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR PHOTOGRAPHS BY JENNIE JONES www.jjpix.com All photos deteriorate over time. The colours may fade, humidity may buckle the surface, or they could fall prey to acid spots. However, there are ways you can minimise damage to your photographs. WHAT IS THE LIFESPAN OF A PHOTO? Black and white photographs have a very long lifespan if treated and stored correctly. Museums still have prints dating from the mid 1800s. If you ask a high-street store to print a b/w photo, check it really is b/w processing (and not just printed on colour paper, which is normally the case). Colour photos printed within the last ten years are more stable than prints made in the 1950s-1970s. However, the jury is still out on their lifespan, as we havent yet had enough years to test this. However, Kodak estimates that their Professional Supra Endura paper has a lifespan of 100 years in typical home display, and 200 years in dark storage. WHAT CAN DAMAGE PHOTOS? Unfortunately, hanging photographs on the wall can be particularly damaging. Sunlight can bleach photographs, while humidity and air pollution such as cigarette smoke can deteriorate or stain the paper. We recommend that you only display copies of photos on your walls, or photos that can be reprinted from negatives. Other damaging factors include: Chemicals: Fading caused by chemicals used in the original process may be unavoidable. This can be the case if the print hasnt been cleaned properly after processing. These days it is less common as machine printing takes care of this. Dust behaves like sandpaper and can scratch photos, so it is important to keep the photographs clean. Plastics containers and sleeves made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is particularly damaging. This plastic is not chemically stable. It produces hydrochloric acid as it deteriorates, which can bleach your photos. If you want to keep your prints in a plastic-sleeved album or box, choose Polypropylene (marked PP or recycling 5). You can sometimes spot PVC because it smells like plastic. PP shouldnt smell. Lignin occurs naturally in wood, and causes paper to yellow and crumble (ie. newspapers and books). Without lignin, a tree would no stand upright but would bend like rubber. The better quality the paper, the less lignin it is likely to have in it. It can migrate from paper onto photographs that are in direct contact with it. Wooden boxes made of new or untreated wood (they may contain lignin, see above) and painted surfaces. If you store your photographs in a non-archival quality box, you should wrap them in archival paper or PP plastic to form a barrier between them and the box. Dont laminate your photos. It isnt reversible. This process seals gases in with the photo, which can cause damage. The lamination technique also usually results in a plastic product being adhered on to the surface of your photo, which cannot be easily removed and will result in the slow deterioration of the photo. It will also have a shiny surface, which could make it difficult to scan and copy. Acid damages photos and documents, typically causing discolouration or fading. It can also make photographs brittle and more susceptible to other contaminants that cause deterioration. Look for acid-free paper, boxes and other storage products. HANDLING PHOTOS Make sure your hands are clean. For added protection, wear thin cotton gloves. If you are showing or lending photographs to others, make a copy first. People often point at photographs and leave fingermarks. Because finger grease is slightly acidic, over time it can leave permanent marks on photographs and negatives. Hand oils and moisture can also nurture fungus spores and, in conjunction with humidity, can cause mould to grow As a precaution, you could place any valued photo on a piece of card or folder, and pass that around instead. LABELLING PHOTOS Inappropriate labelling and repair methods can damage photos. Dont use adhesive labels. They peel of over time and leave stains. Dont use biros or other ink pens/markets. They can bleed through and cause marks/stains. When it is necessary to write on the back of photos, use a soft pencil (4B). Dont apply pressure. Hard implements can engrave their message leaving an unwanted relief impression on the image itself. Never use paper clips (even plastic ones) to attach labels to photos. An indentation could occur after just 10-15 mins. If you need a temporary label, write on a piece of paper large enough to fold around the whole photograph. To label negatives, use a permanent ink (such as Indian ink). Write on the dull side of the negative (it can be difficult to write on the shiny side), and keep outside the image area. HOW TO STORE PHOTOS Humidity. Store photographs in a relatively dry environment. Photos are made up of layers, each of which expands and contracts at its own rate as it warms or cools. So, avoid living rooms (warm due to heaters), kitchens and bathrooms are steamy, and attics (which can be dusty). When these rooms have been eliminated, normally what is left are bedrooms or studies (though beware of walls and cupboards that back on to the kitchen or bathroom.) Always store photos separately from your negatives. Have negatives made of any photograph that you want to keep. This means you wont lose all your images if one collection is stolen, lost or burned in a house fire. Store photos in PP wallets (see above). Watch out for wooden bookcases. The varnishes give off fumes. But you can probably put them inside a box lined with acid-free paper, to protect them. Insects and rodents may start eating the photos. So dont eat in photograph storage areas, keep surfaces clean, and try to keep your home pest-free in general. Prints and negatives should be individually packed in bags or envelopes, or placed in individual pockets in an album page. If a paper-based album is used, the support and boards should be of archival quality, with all pages interleaved and the images held by photo corners. Slides can be stored in slide boxes, albums or hanging files (similar to negative files). If you store the photos and negatives vertically in a box, make sure they are packed firmly enough to protect against curling or slipping. Keep the photos separate, so they dont rub against each other (though you could store two photos back-to-back). Archival storage products can be bought through  HYPERLINK "http://www.archivalsurvival.com.au" www.archivalsurvival.com.au HOW TO REPAIR PHOTOS Whether to attempt to clean or repair your own photographs is a personal decision. Done badly, you could cause more damage to the photograph. You may prefer to avoid this risk by using a professional photo repairer. Otherwise, these are some tricks you could try: Tears can be repaired, but it is not always recommended. Dont use sticky tape of any kind. Over time, the chemicals on the tape will deteriorate: The tape becomes very sticky and will be absorbed easily into paper, fabrics and emulsions The adhesive then changes chemically. It begins to yellow and eventually turns a dark orange. At this stage, the adhesive is almost totally insoluble and the stains cannot be removed. Instead, one way to mend tears is by using Japanese rice paper (which is woven and very strong, but check its lignin free) and a special mixture of cornstarch applied to the back of the photo. Alternatively, you could have the photograph copied and the repair done digitally. Cleaning photos: Fingerprints and built-up grease can be removed. Rub the photo gently with an appropriate cleaner (such as an archival cleaning cloth, or a fine ground-up archival eraser). Hold the edge of the photograph and rub the cloth across the photo surface in a circular motion. Cleaning picture frames: When you move a framed photo, hold on to opposite sides of the frame. Dont carry the frame by the picture-hanging wire, because it may give way. Spray a cloth with glass cleaner and then wipe the glass (if you spray directly on to the glass you could damage the frame, or liquid could seep under the edge and damage the photograph and/or matte board). Use a very soft cloth or lambs wool to dust the frame. This will prevent scratches. Biro marks can be removed from photos by using a white eraser. Dont rub too hard you could take the surface of the photo off. Photographs that have stuck together should never be pulled apart when dry. Photographs become stuck together due to moisture forming on the emulsion layer. When exposed to moisture this emulsion layer becomes tacky, and once allowed to dry the photographs will stick to each other Soak the photographs for a few minutes in clean water until they separate on their own. Dont touch the picture surface. Let them dry on a clean, flat surface. But take care already fragile photos may not respond well to soaking. An alternative could be to gently steam them over a pan of boiling water, and very gently peel them apart. Photographs that have stuck to glass. This happens when moisture forms between the emulsion layer of the photograph and the glass. Once dry, the photograph will be permanently stuck to the glass. It is difficult to remove the photograph without causing irreversible damage. Consider scanning the photograph so that a new print can be made. To remove photos from the sticky-surfaced albums (otherwise known as magnetic albums), use a metal spatula (not a knife, which could cut the photo). The glue might have reacted with the paper backing of the photo, so take care. You could use a hairdryer on the lowest setting to warm the photo, in an attempt to soften the glue. Or just rip the page out of the album, and get a digital copy made of the photograph. Whether to flatten a photograph that has curled depends on how it responds to a bend test. This involves uncurling a corner of the photograph (the front) to see if the emulsion is dry and brittle. If the emulsion layer cracks, dont continue. But if it appears to be pliable, you could try sandwiching the photo between two sheets of archival paper, and stacking under a pile of books. Leave in a humid environment (like a bathroom) for about 24 hours. Then remove the stack and leave in a temperate environment for another 24 hours, leaving the photograph to dry flat within the stack. Jennie Jones Photography 2008 @B  ,-.D = F * . &-nzr L.?wl|[<FͶͶͶͶͶͶ͐ͶͶͶh~h?hp,5OJQJhp,hp,B*OJQJphhp,hp,OJQJhp,hp,5OJQJhAwhp,OJQJh~h?hp,OJQJhmlhp,5OJQJ!hmlhp,B*CJOJQJphhmlhp,OJQJ8!1?@AB   -.VW !   < = gdp,.= * &nr  [\,-.?@~^gdp, & F & Fgdp,T,Tvwxg h ,!-!! & Fgdp,gdp, & Fgdp,0%&VWXstux Z#i#{$$L&V&&&&'''?)ҙ荂wfU!h-,hp,B*CJOJQJph!hp,hp,B*CJOJQJphhp,hp,OJQJhmlhp,OJQJh~h?hp,5OJQJhiOFhp,0JCJOJQJ0jhiOFhp,B*CJOJQJUph!h@6hp,B*CJOJQJph*jh@6hp,B*CJOJQJUphh~h?hp,OJQJhp,hp,5OJQJ!!@"A"##Y#Z#z${$K&L&&&''>)?)**4,5,+-,-......gdp, & Fgdp,?)e)****@,T,..hmlhp,OJQJh~h?hp,OJQJhp,hp,OJQJhp,hp,5OJQJ ....:pp,|. 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